蓝衣壮将“五言壮欢”唱成非物质文化遗产
还有几天,广西独有的“三月三”歌圩就要开唱了。广西的壮族同胞都爱唱歌,但能把山歌唱成非物质文化遗产(intangible cultural heritage)的村落,在南宁非宾阳县露圩镇库利村莫属。
2015年,广西第一批传统村落名录出炉。“The list of the first batch of traditional villages of Guangxi was sorted out in 2015.”。宾阳县露圩镇库利村凭借“四月初八圩逢节”和“五言壮欢山歌文化”的蓝衣壮民族民俗文化,榜上有名,成为南宁市7个入选的村落之一,也是宾阳县唯一入选的村落。“The Kuli Village is on the list because of the Lan Yi Zhuang nationality folk culture. (Lan Yi Zhuang is a branch of the Zhuang nationality. People are dressed in blue national costume.) ”。
每年农历四月初八是露圩镇库利村一年一度蓝衣壮传统节日——“圩逢节”。“The eighth day of April of Chinese lunar calendar is the Xufeng Festival. It is an annual traditional festival of Lan Yi Zhuang nationality in Kuli Village.”。这一天,库利村壮族同胞都会身着传统的蓝衣,欢聚在村口山清水秀、绿树成荫的三岔江边,通过山歌对唱、舞牛、舞彩蝶等民间文化活动欢庆。
“圩逢节”的由来据说跟牛有关。“The origin of the Xufeng Feistival is said to be related to cattle.”。牛是农家之宝,而四月初八又有牛生日之说。“Cattle are the treasure to farmers. It is said that the eighth day of April of Chinese lunar calendar is the birthday of cattle.”。库利村村民把歌圩与牛生日及当地庙会结合起来,便有了“四月八歌圩节”,壮人俗称“圩逢节”。每年的这一天,蓝衣壮同胞都会在去赶歌圩(folk song fair)、庙会(temple fair)前,先用枫叶煮水帮牛擦肩膀,煮米粥喂它,用烧酒犒劳它。
“咪客豆邓伲(有客来到这里),柳欢喜如嘛(我们好高兴)……”
在库利村这个1000多人的村落,85%以上为壮族,有超过60%的人在传唱山歌,部分人会写歌。“This village has more than one thousand people. More than eighty-five percent of them are Zhuang people and more than sixty percent of them sing folk songs. Some of them can write songs.”。
“五言壮欢”山歌,每首12句,分3节,每句5个字,押韵非常特别。村民在创作“五言壮欢”山歌时,艺术性高,赋、比、兴等各种手法临场运用自如。村里老人说,自古以来,库利村人就把“五言壮欢”山歌代代相传。
近年来,库利村从山歌文化入手,村老年协会、文艺队还到村小学开设山歌传承课。“In recent years, the association of the old and the art team of Kuli Village went to some primary schools to carry out folk song lessons.”。中国少数民族音乐协会副会长范西姆教授两次来到该村,指导办好“四月八歌圩节”,积极打造创响“五言壮歌”山歌品牌,并申请为自治区、南宁市一级非物质文化遗产。
据悉,库利村的两首山歌《迎客歌》《哭嫁歌》已被列入《中国壮族民歌精选一百首》。本报记者叶祯/文 黄倩华/翻译
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