中考备考攻略之阅读理解 作者:柳州市铁五中学 徐文婷 韦拉

柳州晚报 2018-05-17 12:49 大字

【命题分析】

1.选材特点

(1)趣味性与教育性相统一的原则;

(2)新颖性与时代性相统一的原则;

(3)话题与文体的多样性原则。

2.考查内容

以“细节理解题”为主,兼顾“推理判断题”“主旨大意题”“词义猜测题”和“数字推理题”。

3.考查重点

常规性的阅读理解主要考查考生的信息提取能力和对内容的整合能力,表格型、回答问题型等任务型阅读理解还考查学生遣词造句的能力。

4.命题趋势

(1)注重设置干扰项,一般有以下特点:添枝加叶、捏造事实、偷梁换柱、以偏概全和张冠李戴。

(2)采用倒叙的记叙文形式会增加,难度提升。

(3)科普说明文越来越体现当今文明发展成果,紧随时代潮流。

【高分攻略】

1.速读文章,理清脉络

快速通读全文,弄清文章的脉络结构和文章的主旨大意。在正确把握文章整体、细节以及严密推理的基础上,提高阅读速度。

2.细读题干,分析对比选项

对问题题干进行仔细阅读,对选项进行分析对比,确定本题要考查的方向,提炼出最关键的信息。

3.扫读文章,搜索有效信息

带着题目扫读与题目有关的语段或图表,确定与题目相吻合的有效信息。针对和题目相关的长难句,首先分析其类型,抓住句子主干,准确把握句子的含义。阅读时,必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据,切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点看法混为一谈。

4.分析信息,定位正确答案

对与题目相关的有效信息进行分析判断,与题目选项进行联系对比,最终确定正确答案。不能粗心,更不能凭空想象,要结合文章的主旨大意,从已知到未知,作出合理的推测。答题时,不仅要理解文章的细节,更要理解文章的主旨,这样才能做出正确的推理判断。

答题技法指导(2015·柳州中考) 判断正误型阅读理解

John was born in a rich family. When John finished school,he was already 18 years old. His father said to him,“Get a job in the town. If you stay at home,you will get nothing from me. ”A few weeks later,John went to an office and asked for a job there. A man took him into a small room and gave him some questions on a piece of paper. John answered the questions quickly,then he gave the paper to the man. The man looked at the paper for a few minutes and asked,“You were born on September 23. But which year were you born in? ”John answered,“Oh,every year. ”

根据短文内容判断正误,正确的选择A,错误的选择B。

()1. John was born in a rich family.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第一句“John was born in a rich family. ”可知。

()2. When John finished school,he was 18 years old.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第二句“When John finished school,he was already 18 years old. ”可知。在此题中,原文有一个“already”,所以做题时题目和原文不一定一致,只要意思一致即可。

()3. A man took John into a small room.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第六句“A man took him into a small room”可知。

()4. John answered the questions quickly.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第七句“John answered the questions quickly”可知。

()5. John was born on July 23.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。由短文最后“You were born on September 23”可知。

阅读理解七选五

【高分攻略】

1.速读全文,寻找主旨

快速浏览全文,弄清文章主要介绍或表达什么。重点把握文章的要点词句,包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子等,目的是把握文章的主要内容。

2.解读备选,基本定位

明确各备选项的含义,抓住其关键词,根据文章整体结构及具体内容,将选项代入文中,尤其要注意各选项中出现的句子衔接标志词与原文中的某些词是否有关联,还可以通过句子的完整性或句子后的标点符号来判断该选项在原文中的位置。另外通过阅读选项,还可找出与其他选项表达意思完全不同的句子,将该选项排除。

3.通读复检,核实修正

在完成选项定位后,对照关键词与上下文语意关系做出选择。再次通读全文,检查文章内容是否完整,上下文语意是否连贯合理,各段落内容是否紧扣主题,语篇结构是否通顺连贯、合乎逻辑,从而判定自己选择的答案是否准确。

答题技法指导 (2017·柳州中考)

Anger(愤怒)is a kind of feeling. 66When your teacher gives you too much homework,when your team loses an important game,when a friend borrows your favourite thing and then breaks it,you may get angry.

67For example,you breathe(呼吸)faster. Your face turns red,and you may want to break something or hit someone. But sometimes you may keep it inside. If you do it like this,the result is that you will face a greater danger of getting a headache or your stomach may hurt. So it is healthy for you to let your anger out sometimes. 68And you will find the problems you are facing are not serious as you expect.

There are a lot you can do when you get angry. You can ask for help from others. You can talk about it with adults,such as parents,teachers and so on. Also,you can do the following things by yourself: count from 1 to 100; give someone a hug; go for a bike ride. Another good way to deal with anger is to find something humorous in the situation that has made you angry. 69

So remember that when you are angry,how you act can make everything better or worse. 70Be sure that you can control it!

根据短文内容,从下列七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

A. Do not let your anger control you.

B. Many things can make you angry.

C. A humorous person is popular with others.

D. Making yourself laugh is much healthier than getting angry.

E. Maybe you get angry more often or more easily than other kids.

F. After doing that,you will find those bad feelings start to go away.

G. It is easy to find something wrong with your body when you become angry.

66. 考点:推理判断方法:联系上下文逻辑推理判断法

【解析】选B。根据空格后面的内容:“When your teacher gives you too much homework,when your team loses an important game,when a friend borrows your favourite thing and then breaks it,you may get angry. ”可知B项符合题意。

67. 考点:推理判断方法:联系上下文逻辑推理判断法

【解析】选G。根据本句位于段首,推理应该是一个统领整段文章的句子,根据整段内容的介绍可知G项符合句意。

68. 考点:推理判断方法:联系上下文逻辑推理判断法

【解析】选F。根据空格后的句子:“And you will find the problems you’re facing are not serious as you expect. ”可知F更符合题意。

69. 考点:推理判断方法:联系上下文逻辑推理判断法

【解析】选D。根据本段中的第一句话:“There are a lot you can do when you get angry. ”可知D项符合句意。

70. 考点:推理判断方法:联系上下文逻辑推理判断法

【解析】选A。根据空格后的句子“Be sure that you can control it! ”可知A项符合题意。

【方法总结】

1.找选项中关键词法

各选项中一般都有一个或几个句子中包括表示逻辑关系的关键词,可先读懂空白部分前后句子,根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性判断答案。表示逻辑关系的词大致分为以下几类:①因果关系:上下文之间存在前因后果或前果后因的关系。标志词主要有:because,so,therefore,as a result,so. . . that,such. . . that等; ②转折关系:如果空格前后表示的是截然相反的意思,那么空格处很有可能是一个表示转折关系的句子。标志词主要有though,although,but,however,yet,still,no matter,in spite of,whatever,whoever等; ③并列关系:句子或短语之间是表示同时并列、相互关联的关系。标志词有:first,second,third,next,then,finally,to,begin with,for one thing,for another thing等; ④递进关系:后句是对上一句的顺承递进关系。标志词有:also,what’s more,not only. . . but also. . . ,in addition等; ⑤例证关系:是指某句为了证明另一句的观点、看法等所举的例子。

2. 时间先后顺序法

有时备选项中有的句子包括一些表示动作发生的时间的词。这时可根据动作发生或事情发展的先后顺序来确定答案。

3.联系上下文逻辑推理判断法

仔细阅读原文,找出原文中表示逻辑关系的关键词,理清文章的基本思路和发展脉络,抓住过渡词,看准上下句,盯紧横线空缺处的前后词语,仔细斟酌,先易后难,确定答案。

4.找原文主旨句或段落标题句法

文章的主旨句一般出现在原文的开头或结尾,一般是段落所占篇幅较多或作者反复强调的观点,因此可找备选项中含有原文高频出现的词汇或短语等来确定文章的主旨句。标题一般不包含具体细节信息,一般含有抽象词语或概括性词语。段落的标题一般出现在原文该段的首句或第一、二句,也有可能出现在该段的最后。

友情提醒

每周中考各科目复习模拟题依次排序如下:星期一(政史),星期二(化学),星期三(语文),星期四(英语),星期五(数学),星期六(物理),敬请关注。

新闻推荐

祥源·领地

■项目简介:项目坐落于柳州市工业博物馆西南侧,设计总建筑面积约19万㎡,其中商业面积约8万㎡,住宅面积约3万㎡,未来将打造成为...

柳州新闻,弘扬社会正气。除了新闻,我们还传播幸福和美好!因为热爱所以付出,光阴流水,不变的是柳州市这个家。

 
相关新闻

新闻推荐