英语中考复习攻略 初二（上册） 柳州市铁五中教育集团 英语组 何华 姚祯媛
高频考点研析
一、形容词和副词
1.形容词用于系动词之后或名词之前；副词修饰动词、形容词和副词，修饰动词时常放在动词之后。
2.很多副词是由形容词+ly构成，如：quick+ly——quickly，但有些词既可作形容词也可作副词，如: fast, early, hard, late。注意部分以ly结尾的形容词，如：friendly, lonely, silly, lovely, lively等。
二、for example和such as
1.for example后接一个例子，通常是一个句子，并用逗号隔开，可以放句首、句中或句末。如：He is a good boy. For example, he often helps the old cross the street.
2. such as后接一个或多个例子，通常是名词、代词宾格或短语，不需要逗号隔开。如：I like playing sports, such as basketball and football.
三、so that 和so...that...
1.so that+句子，译为“以便于”，表示目的，如：He got up early so that he couldn't be late.
2. so+形容词/副词+that+句子，译为“如此……以至于”，表示结果，如：He ran so fast that he got first prize.
四、the other/the others, other/others
1. the other/the others指两者中的另一者，当the other+名词单数，可省略名词，即the other；当the other+名词复数，省略名词时the other中的other要加s，即the others。如：They are twins. One is Lily, the other girl/the other is Lucy. Here’re some pens. One is red, the other pens/the others are black.
2. other/others指三者中的一者，当other+名词复数，省略名词时other要加s，如：Here are many pens. Some are red, some are pink,other pens/others are black.
五、the one, the ones, it, that, those
1.当前面提及的同类事物是可数名词单词，用the one或that替代；当前面提及的同类事物是可数名词复词，用the ones或those替代。
2.当前面提及的同一事物是不可数名词或可数名词单数，用it替代。
3.当前面提及的同类事物是不可数名词，只用that替代，常用于比较句中。
语法聚焦
一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1.形容词和副词的比较级表示两者间的比较，最高级表示三者或三者以上的比较。形容词的最高级前通常要加定冠词the，副词的最高级前可加定冠词the，也可以不加。
2.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化如下：
(1) 一般在词尾加-er和-est，如:cold-colder-coldest，hard-harder-hardest
(2) 以不发音的e结尾的词，加-r和-st，如：
fine-finer-finest，
late-later-latest
(3) 以重读闭音节结尾的词，该音节由一个元音字母+一个辅音字母组成，应双写该辅音字母，再加-er和-est，如:big-bigger-biggest
(4) 辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,再加-er和-est，如:
easy-easier-easiest
(5) 部分双音节和多音节词在前面加 more和most，如:
beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful，
(6) 不规则变化，如：
good/ well-better-best，bad/ill-worse-worst，
many/much-more-most
注意：当副词由形容词+ly构成，变为比较级和最高级时，在前面加more和most。如：quickly-more quickly -most quickly
3.可以用much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, even等修饰比较级，表示比较的程度，如：even bigger, much fatter, a lot more expensive
4.同级比较
肯定：A+谓语+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B，表示“A与B一样……”
否定：A +谓语+not+ as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B，表示“A不如B……”
5.比较级的固定句式
(1) 比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”，如：bigger and bigger, more and more modern
(2) “the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……，越……”，如：The harder you study, the better you will be.
二、动词不定式
1.动词后接to do sth.的结构称为动词不定式，否定形式为动词+not to do sth.，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能做谓语。
2.语法功能
(1) 动词不定式充当宾语，表明想要、计划或希望要做的事。一般来说，用不定式时所表示的行为多为将来的行为，如：plan to do sth., want to do sth.。注意：特殊疑问词+to do sth.，也是动词不定式充当宾语的一种形式。如：I don't know how to fix it now.
(2) 动词不定式充当宾语补足语，是对宾语的补充说明。
① 动词+sb. to do sth.，如：He told us to come earlier next time.
② 使役动词have/make/let和感官动词watch/feel/ notice/ see/hear+sb. do sth.，如：She made me work for her. I often watch the girl dance there.
注意：help后面既可接带to的不定式，也可以接不带to 的不定式，如：We help him (to) learn English well.
(3) 动词不定式充当目的状语，不定式既可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。如：We work hard to finish the job on time. = To finish the job on time, we work hard.
(4) 动词不定式充当定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词之后，如：I have something to tell you.
Is there anyone to come?
3.动词+to do sth.与动词+doing sth.的区别
(1) 意义相同的动词有like, love, hate, begin, start，如：I like to read/reading books. They begin/start to run/running as usual.
(2) 意义不同的动词
① forget/remember to do sth.记得/忘记要做某事，forget/remember doing sth. 记得/忘记已做某事，如：I forgot to close the door. The door was open.我忘了关门。门还开着。I remembered meeting you at the gate last night.我记得昨晚在大门口遇见过你。
② stop doing sth. 停止正做的事，stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事，如：Let's stop working and have a rest.让我们停止工作去休息。We are tired. Let's stop to have a rest.我们累了。让我们停下来去休息吧。
三、双宾语
1.一个动词后面能接两个宾语，即动词+sb.+sth.，sth.是直接宾语(能直接放在动词之后，无需介词连接)，sb.是间接宾语(不能直接放在动词之后，需介词连接)。
2.结构：动词+sb.+sth.=动词+sth.+介词+sb.，介词常用to和for，如：He gave me a book.=He gave a book to me. He bought me a book. = He bought a book for me.
注意：当sth.是代词时，只能用动词+sth.+介词+sb.的结构。如：Please send it to me.
四、冠词
1.冠词分为不定冠词a, an，定冠词the，置于名词之前。不定冠词a用于辅音发音的名词单数前，an用于元音发音的名词单数前。
2.定冠词the的用法
(1) 特指上文提到的或者谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 如：The book over there is mine.
(2) 特指世界上独一无二的事物以及方位之前。如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(3) 用于序数词和最高级之前。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
(4) 用于乐器之前。如： I like playing the piano.
(5) 用于姓氏的复数形式之前，指“某某一家人”。如：The Whites have lived in Beijing for ten years.
(6) 用于某些形容词之前，特指某一类人或事物。 如：We should take care of the old.
(7) 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the Great Wall
(8) 用于某些固定短语和习惯用语中。如：all the time, in the open air
3.零冠词的用法
(1) 在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等的名词之前。如： on May Day, on Monday, in June, in winter, in 2017
(2) 一日三餐的名词之前。 如：have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
(3) 表示球类运动和棋类的名词与play连用时。如：play basketball, play chess
(4) 表示语言和学科的名词之前。如：speak Chinese very well, learn history
(5) 名词前面有指示代词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时。如： your dictionary，Lily’s father
(6) 在一些固定短语中。如： go to bed, go to school, by bus, at night
五、情态动词
1.情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，后面必须接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
2.情态动词基本用法
(1)can ①表示能力，译为“能、会”，如： Mike can run fast.
② 表示允许、请求，译为“可以”，如：Can I use your pen? 肯定回答用can，否定回答用can’t。
(2)could① can的过去式，表示过去的能力,如：Tom could write when he was four.
② 表示请求，语气比can要委婉，如：Could you please pass me the book?
(3) may 表示请求，许可，译为“可以”，如：You may sit here if you want. May I use your phone?肯定回答用can，否定回答用can’t 或mustn’t。
(4) must 表示义务，主观看法，译为“必须、应该”，如：You must finish your homework first!
Must we come early tomorrow? 肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。
(5) need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，如：You needn’t say sorry to him.
Need she do the housework right now? 肯定回答用must或have to否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to
3.情态动词表示推测的用法
(1) must 译为“一定，肯定”，把握性很大，can/may/might/could译为“可能”，把握性不大。
(2) can’t译为“一定不，肯定不，不可能”，表示否定的推测。
六、过去进行时：
实战演练
单项选择
1.(2017·柳州模拟)The city will become_______ if there is_______ pollution.
A. much dirtier; lessB. much dirtier; moreC. much dirty; much
2. (2017·湘潭中考)One of _______places for mountain climbing is the Himalayas.
A. popularB. more popularC. the most popular
3. (2017·天津中考)We had a football match yesterday. Our fans cheered us on ____and we felt more confident.
A. slowly B. loudlyC. nearly
4. (2016·滨州中考)—I’m sorry I _______my exercise book at home this morning.
—It doesn’t matter. Don’t forget_______ it here this afternoon.
A. left; to take
B. forgot; bringingC. left; to bring
5. （2016年柳州中考）Lucy and Lily decided__________ their aunt in the countryside.
A. see B.to see C. seeing
6. (2016年柳州中考) —__________ you swim? —Yes, I can.
A. Must B. MayC. Can
7. (2016年柳州中考) —What is this? —It’s __________ pencil.
A. the B. anC. a
8. (2017·南京中考)—When did the classroom have a power cut?
—This morning, while we _______ a physics lesson.
A. have had
B. were having
C. are having
9. (2015.鱼峰二模) The students in our class are more than ___ in their class.
A. those B. onesC. students
10.He got up ____ early ______ he could catch the first bus to work.
A. too; to B. so; that
C. enough; to
11.The price is _______ before, either.
A not so cheap asB as cheap as C cheaper
12. ____careful you are, ______mistakes you will make.
A. The more, the fewer B. The more, fewer C. The more, the less
13.—The shirt looks nice on you! How much does it______? —I ______ten dollars for it.
A. take; affordedB. cost; paid
C. cost; spent
14. You look tired. Why not stop ______ a rest?
A. have B. having C. to have
15. Our teacher often tell us _____in the river. It’s dangerous.
A. not swim B. to swim
C. not to swim
答案1-5 BCBCB 6-10 CCBAB 11-15 AABCC
友情提醒
策划：赖柱武
每周中考各科目复习模拟题依次排序如下：星期一（政史），星期二（化学），星期三（语文），星期四（英语），星期五（数学），星期六（物理），敬请关注。
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